Ta có: 

\(\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) <=> \(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\) <=>\(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\le b^2\)

Mà : 

a<1 => \(log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\ge log_ab^2=2log_ab\)

P=\(log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}log_{\dfrac{a}{b}}b=log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{log_ab}{1-log_ab}\ge2log_ab-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{log_ab}{1-log_ab}\)

Đặt t=log_ab

Do b<a<1 => t=log_ab >1

Khi đó \(P\ge2t+\dfrac{t}{2t-2}=f\left(t\right)\). Khảo sát f(t) trên (1;+\(\infty\)) ta đc

P\(\ge\)f(t) \(\ge\) f\(\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\) = \(\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(P=\frac{1}{2}log_{\frac{a}{b}}a-4log_a\left(a+\frac{b}{4}\right)=\frac{1}{2log_a\frac{a}{b}}-4log_a\left(a+\frac{b}{4}\right)=\frac{1}{2\left(1-log_ab\right)}-4log_a\left(a+\frac{b}{4}\right)\)

Ta có: \(a+\frac{b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{4}}=\sqrt{ab}\)

\(\Rightarrow log_a\left(a+\frac{b}{4}\right)\le log_a\sqrt{ab}\) (do \(0< a< 1\))

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2\left(1-log_ab\right)}-4log_a\sqrt{ab}=\frac{1}{2\left(1-log_ab\right)}-2\left(1+log_ab\right)\)

Đặt \(log_ab=x\Rightarrow0< x< 1\) \(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2\left(1-x\right)}-2\left(1+x\right)\)

Xét hàm \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2\left(1-x\right)}-2\left(1+x\right)\) với \(0< x< 1\)

\(f'\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2\left(1-x\right)^2}-2=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-4\left(1-x\right)^2}{2\left(1-x\right)^2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)

Từ BBT ta thấy \(f\left(x\right)_{min}=f\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=-2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge-2\Rightarrow P_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\a=\frac{b}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}log_ab=\frac{1}{2}\\a=\frac{b}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b^2\\a=\frac{b}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{16}\\b=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow S=\frac{5}{16}\)

`a)` Thay `m=\sqrt{3}+1` vào hệ ptr có:

`{(\sqrt{3}x-2y=1),(3x+(\sqrt{3}+1)y=1):}`

`<=>{(3x-2\sqrt{3}y=\sqrt{3}),(3x+(\sqrt{3}+1)y=1):}`

`<=>{((3\sqrt{3}+1)y=1-\sqrt{3}),(\sqrt{3}x-2y=1):}`

`<=>{(y=[-5+2\sqrt{3}]/13),(\sqrt{3}x-2[-5+2\sqrt{3}]/13=1):}`

`<=>{(x=[4+\sqrt{3}]/13),(y=[-5+2\sqrt{3}]/13):}`

`b){((m-1)x-2y=1),(3x+my=1):}`

`<=>{(x=[1-my]/3),((m-1)[1-my]/3-2y=1):}`

`<=>{(x=[1-my]/3),(m-m^2y-1+my-6y=3):}`

`<=>{(x=[1-my]/3),((-m^2+m-6)y=4-m):}`

`<=>{(x=[1-my]/3),(y=[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]):}`

   Mà `-m^2+m-6` luôn `ne 0`

   `=>AA m` thì đều tìm được `1` giá trị `y` từ đó tìm được `x`

 `=>AA m` thì hệ ptr có `1` nghiệm duy nhất

`c){((m-1)x-2y=1),(3x+my=1):}`

`<=>{(x=[1-my]/3),(y=[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]):}`

`<=>{(x=(1-m[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]):3),(y=[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]):}`

`<=>{(x=[-m^2+m-6-4m+m^2]/[-3m^2+3m-18]),(y=[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]):}`

`<=>{(x=[-3m-6]/[3(-m^2+m-6)]),(y=[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]):}`

Ta có: `x-y=[-3m-6]/[3(-m^2+m-6)]-[4-m]/[-m^2+m-6]`

                `=[-3m-6-12+3m]/[-3(m^2-m+6)]`

                `=[-18]/[-3(m^2-m+6)]=6/[(m-1/2)^2+23/4]`

Vì `(m-1/2)^2+23/4 >= 23/4`

`<=>6/[(m-1/2)^2+23/4] <= 24/23`

Hay `x-y <= 24/23`

Dấu "`=`" xảy ra `<=>m-1/2=0<=>m=1/2`

Bài 1:

$M=\frac{27}{x-15}-1$

Để $M$ min thì $\frac{27}{x-15}$ min. 

Để $\frac{27}{x-15}$ min thì $x-15$ là số âm lớn nhất 

$\Rightarrow x$ là số nguyên lớn nhất nhỏ hơn 15

$\Rightarrow x=14$

Khi đó: $M_{\min}=\frac{42-14}{14-15}=-28$

Bài 2:

\(\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^x+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}=17\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^4+1\right]=17\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}.\dfrac{17}{16}=17\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{x-4}=16=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{-4}\)

$\Rightarrow x-4=-4\Leftrightarrow x=0$